- Baade, Walter
- Balmer, Johann Jakob
- Bardeen, James
- Bardeen, John
- Barkla, Charles Glover
- barn
- barn (unité)
- baromètre
- barrière coulombienne
- barycentre
- baryon
- baryon exotique
- Basov, Nicolay Gennadiyevich
- Becquerel, Henri
- Bednorz, Johannes Georg
- Beer, August
- Bekenstein, Jacob
- Bell, Alexandre Graham
- Bernoulli, Daniel
- Bethe, Hans
- Bethe, Hans Albrecht
- Binnig, Gerd
- biophysique
- Biot, Jean-Baptiste
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- Birkeland, Kristian
- Blackett, Patrick
- Black, Joseph
- Bloch, Felix
- Bloembergen, Nicolaas
- bobine de Ruhmkorff
- Bohm, David
- Bohr, Aage
- Bohr, Aage N
- Bohr, Niels
- Boltzmann, Ludwig
- Born, Max
- Bose, Jagadish Chandra
- Bose, Satyendranath
- boson
- boson de Higgs
- boson de jauge
- boson intermédiaire
- boson W
- boson Z
- Bothe, Walther Wilhelm Georg
- Bouguer, Pierre
- Bovet, Daniel
- Boyle, Robert
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- bradyon
- Bragg, William Henry
- Braginsky, Vladimir
- Branly, Édouard
- Brattain, Walter Houser
- Braun, Karl Ferdinand
- Bravais, Auguste
- Breguet, Abraham
- Breguet, Louis
- Breit, Gregory
- bremsstrahlung
- Brewster, David
- Bridgman, Percy Williams
- Briggs, Henry
- Brillouin, Marcel
- Brisson, Mathurin Jacques
- brisure spontanée de symétrie
- Brockhouse, Bertram
- Brockhouse, Bertram N
- Broglie, Louis de
- Brown, Robert
- Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm
- bureau international des poids et mesures
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